The Black Death was actually a fearful plague, basically spread by rats. It ravaged almost the whole of England for about three years-1347-1350. Its effect was serious, particularly at a…
The term ‘beat’, in this restricted sense, is generally believed to have been devised by Jack Kerouac (1922-69). It bears connotations of down-beat, off-beat, down-and-out, drop-out and beatitude, and denotes…
The terms ‘readerly/writerly’ text are devised by Roland Barthes (1915-80), the French critic, to make a distinction between two basic kinds of text: the lisible (‘readerly’) and the scriptible (‘writerly’).…
Scopophilia is a psychoanalytic concept developed by Sigmund Freud to describe the pleasure in looking, or what is more commonly known as voyeurism. It is widely used in film studies,…
Introduction
‘Pulp’ is a pejorative term for certain kinds of fiction (and its authors). Pulp magazines began to appear during the First World War or earlier and got their name…
The English Review was an influential English-language literary periodical published from 1908 to 1937. It was founded in 1908 by Ford Madox Ford (then known as Ford Hermann Hueffer) with…
Introduction
No easy and quick circulation of knowledge was at all possible in an age where books were handwritten. In the medieval world, books were copied by hand, and as…
Ancrene Riwle (also known as Ancrene Wisse or Guide for Anchoresses) is perhaps the most notable work in English prose after the great days of Alfred and Aelfric. Produced in…
What is Police Procedural?
Police procedural is a sub-genre of the detective story. Until its advent, the police were often on the sidelines and were not infrequently depicted as cumbersome,…
Introduction: The Concept of the Culture Industry
The term “culture industry,” coined by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, refers to the commercialisation of art in all its forms- music, literature,…